Koray Kavukcuoglu, Turkish, born in 1980, initially studied aerospace engineering before shifting to computer science. He studied under Yann LeCun, one of the deep learning 'big three,' at New York University, with a doctoral thesis on multi-layer visual feature learning. He joined DeepMind in 2012, founded the deep learning team, and led the DQN project—an AI system demonstrated in 2013 that could learn to play Atari games autonomously, with the related paper published in Nature in 2015. Koray, Volodymyr Mnih, and David Silver contributed equally.
He also participated in the WaveNet project, which later entered products like Google Assistant. Koray transitioned from frontline research to management, serving as VP of research, then CTO, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2022, cited for technical knowledge, research leadership, and ability to manage large research organizations. According to The Information, he manages the ~1,000-person Gemini project, coordinating the former DeepMind and Google Brain teams. Sergey Brin directly contacts him on issues like chip allocation, describing him as an 'indispensable firefighter.'
In June 2025, Google created the new position of 'Chief AI Architect' for him; he continued as CTO and reported directly to Pichai, moving from London to California with the task of accelerating Gemini's integration into product lines. Over the past year, Hassabis gradually handed over daily Gemini management to Koray, and this adjustment formalizes existing responsibilities.